Book I: Authors’ Rights

Title I: General Provisions

Originating Fact     Якорь: #Якорь: #Якорь: #

Content     Якорь: #

Characteristics     Якорь: #

Disclosure and Publication     Якорь: #

Title II: Ownership, Subject Matter and Content

Chapter I: Ownership

Authors and Other Beneficiaries     Якорь: #

Presumption of Authorship, Anonymous or Pseudonymous Works     Якорь: #

Works of Joint Authorship     Якорь: #

Collective Works     Якорь: #

Composite Works and Independent Works     Якорь: #

Chapter II: Subject Matter

Original Works and Titles     Якорь: #

Derived Works     Якорь: #

Collections. Databases     Якорь: #

Exclusions     Якорь: #

Chapter III: Content

Section 1: Moral Rights

Content and Characteristics of Moral Rights     Якорь: #

Entitlement to Exercise Rights Mortis Causa     Якорь: #

Alternative Entitlement to Exercise Rights Mortis Causa     Якорь: #

Section 2: Exploitation Rights

Exclusive Rights of Exploitation and Forms of Exploitation     Якорь: #

Reproduction     Якорь: #

Distribution     Якорь: #

Communication to the Public     Якорь: #

Transformation     Якорь: #

Selections or Complete Works     Якорь: #

Independence of Rights     Якорь: #

Section 3: Other Rights

Resale Royalty     Якорь: #

Right to Remuneration for Private Copying     Якорь: #

Title III: Term, Limits and Safeguarding of Other Legal Provisions

Chapter I: Duration

Duration and Calculation     Якорь: #

Duration and Calculation in the Case of Posthumous, Pseudonymous and Anonymous Works     Якорь: #

Duration and Calculation in the Case of Works of Joint Authorship and Collective Works     Якорь: #

Works Published in Parts     Якорь: #

Calculation of the Term of Protection     Якорь: #

Chapter II: Limitations

Reproduction Without Authorization     Якорь: #

Quotations and Summaries     Якорь: #

Articles on Topical Subjects     Якорь: #

Use of Databases by the Lawful User, and Limitations on the Exploitation Rights of the Owner of a Database     Якорь: #

Use of Works in the Reporting of Current Events and of Works Located on Public Thoroughfares     Якорь: #

Cable, Satellite and Recording for Technical Purposes     Якорь: #

Free Reproduction and Lending in Specific Establishments     Якорь: #

Official Acts and Religious Ceremonies     Якорь: #

Parodies     Якорь: #

Protection of the Right of Access to Culture     Якорь: #

Provision Common to all the Provisions of this Chapter     Якорь: #

Chapter III: Safeguarding of the Application of Other Legal Provisions

Safeguarding of the Application of Other Legal Provisions     Якорь: #

Title IV: Public Domain

Conditions Governing the Use of Works in the Public Domain     Якорь: #

Title V: Transfer of Rights

Chapter I: General Provisions

Transfer Mortis Causa     Якорь: #

Transfer Inter Vivos     Якорь: #

Minors Living Independently     Якорь: #

Written Form     Якорь: #

Proportional and Lump Sum Remuneration     Якорь: #

Action for the Review of Inequitable Remuneration     Якорь: #

Transfer of Exclusive Rights     Якорь: #

Transfer of the Transferee’s Exclusive Rights     Якорь: #

Non-Exclusive Transfer     Якорь: #

Transfer of the Rights of a Salaried Author     Якорь: #

Transfer of Rights for Periodical Publications     Якорь: #

Pledging and Attachment of copyright / авторське право Якорь: #

Credits from the Assignment of Exploitation Rights     Якорь: #

Unrenounceable Benefits     Якорь: #

Transfer of Rights to the Owners of Certain Physical Media     Якорь: #

Application in Preference to Other Provisions     Якорь: #

Chapter II: Publishing Contracts Concept     Якорь: #

Future Works, Commissioning of a Work and Contributions to Periodical Publications     Якорь: #

Written Form and Minimum Contents     Якорь: #

Causes of Invalidity and Rectification of Omissions     Якорь: #

Publication in Book Form     Якорь: #

Exceptions to ArticЯкорь: #Якорь: #Якорь: #Якорь: #

Obligations on the Publisher     Якорь: #

Obligations on the Author     Якорь: #

Amendments to the Contents of the Work     Якорь: #

Author’s Rights in the Case of Remaindering and Destruction of the Edition     Якорь: #

Termination     Якорь: #

Causes of Lapse     Якорь: #

Effects of Lapse     Якорь: #

Music Publishing Contract     Якорь: #

Verification of Print-Runs     Якорь: #

General Contract Conditions     Якорь: #

Chapter III: Stage and Musical Performance Contracts

Concept     Якорь: #

Contractual Forms and Maximum Term     Якорь: #

Restrictive Interpretation of the Contract     Якорь: #

Obligations on the Author     Якорь: #

Obligations on the Assignee     Якорь: #

Guarantee of Payment of Remuneration     Якорь: #

Implementation of the Contract     Якорь: #

Causes of Termination     Якорь: #

Causes of Lapse     Якорь: #

Public Performance of Musical Compositions     Якорь: #

Special Provisions for the Assignment of the Right of Communication to the Public by Broadcasting     Якорь: #

Application of the Foregoing Provisions to Simple Authorizations     Якорь: #

Title VI: Cinematographic and Other Audiovisual Works

Concept     Якорь: #

Authors     Якорь: #

Presumed Assignment of Exclusive Rights and Limitations     Якорь: #

Presumption of Assignment in the Case of Transformation of a Pre-existing Work     Якорь: #

Remuneration of Authors     Якорь: #

Insufficient Contribution by an Author     Якорь: #

Final Version and Modifications Thereto     Якорь: #

Moral Rights and Destruction of the Original Medium     Якорь: #

Radio Works     Якорь: #

Title VII: Computer Programs

Legal Regime     Якорь: #

Subject Matter of Protection     Якорь: #

Ownership of Rights     Якорь: #

Term of Protection     Якорь: #

Content of Exploitation Rights     Якорь: #

Limitations of the Right of Exploitation     Якорь: #

Protection of Register Entries     Якорь: #

Infringement of Rights     Якорь: #

Protection Measures     Якорь: #

Safeguarding of the Application of Other Legal Provisions     Якорь: #

Book II: Other Intellectual Property Rights and Sui Generis Protection of Databases

Title I: Rights of Performers

Definition of Performers     Якорь: #

Fixing     Якорь: #

Reproduction     Якорь: #

Communication to the Public     Якорь: #

Distribution     Якорь: #

Employment or Commission Contract     Якорь: #

Collective Representative     Якорь: #

Term of Exploitation Rights     Якорь: #

Other Rights     Якорь: #

Title II: Rights of Phonogram Producers

Definitions     Якорь: #

Reproduction     Якорь: #

Communication to the Public     Якорь: #

Distribution     Якорь: #

Right to Bring Action     Якорь: #

Term of Exploitation Rights     Якорь: #

Title III: Rights of Producers of Audiovisual Recordings

Definitions     Якорь: #

Reproduction     Якорь: #

Communication to the Public     Якорь: #

Distribution     Якорь: #

Other Exploitation Rights     Якорь: #

Term of Exploitation Rights     Якорь: #

Title IV: Rights of Broadcasting Organizations

Exclusive Rights     Якорь: #

Term of Exploitation Rights     Якорь: #

Title V: Protection of Ordinary Photographs

Protection of Ordinary Photographs     Якорь: #

Title VI: Protection of Specific Editorial Productions

Unpublished Works in the Public Domain and Unprotected Works     Якорь: #

Term of Rights     Якорь: #

Title VII: Provisions Common to Other Intellectual Property Rights

Якорь: #

Subsidiary Application of the Provisions of Book I     Якорь: #

Title VIII: Sui Generis Rights in Databases

Object of Protection     Якорь: #

Rights and Obligations of the Lawful User     Якорь: #

Exceptions to Sui Generis Rights     Якорь: #

Term of Protection     Якорь: #

Safeguarding of the Application of Other Provisions     Якорь: #

Book III: Protection of the Rights Recognized in this Law

Title I: Actions and Procedures

Injunctions and Urgent Precautionary Measures     Якорь: #

Restraining of the Unlawful Activity     Якорь: #

Indemnification     Якорь: #

Precautionary Measures     Якорь: #

Procedures     Якорь: #

Criminal Proceedings     Якорь: #

Title II: Intellectual Property Registry

Organization and Operation     Якорь: #

Registration Procedure     Якорь: #

Title III: Symbols or Notices of Reserved Rights

Symbols or Notices     Якорь: #

Title IV: Entities for the Administration of the Rights Recognized in this Law

Requirements     Якорь: #

Conditions of Authorization     Якорь: #

Revocation of Authorization     Якорь: #

Qualification     Якорь: #

Statutes     Якорь: #

Obligation to Administer Intellectual Property Rights in Trust     Якорь: #

Administration Contract     Якорь: #

Distribution of Sums Collected     Якорь: #

Social Action     Якорь: #

Accounting Documents     Якорь: #

Other Obligations     Якорь: #

Intellectual Property Mediation and Arbitration Commission     Якорь: #

Powers of the Ministry of Culture     Якорь: #

Book IV: Scope of the Law

Authors     Якорь: #

Performers     Якорь: #

Producers, Makers of Ordinary Photographs and Publishers     Якорь: #

Broadcasting Organizations     Якорь: #

Beneficiaries of Protection by Sui Generis Rights     Якорь: #

Additional Provisions

Transitional Provisions

SЯкорь: #

Sole Final Provision

Title I General Provisions

Originating Fact

1. The intellectual property in a literary, artistic or scientific work shall belong to the author thereof by virtue of the sole fact of its creation.

Content

2. Intellectual property shall comprise rights of a personal and economic character which shall confer on the author full control over and the exclusive right to the exploitation of the work, without any limitations other than those specified in the Law.

Characteristics

3. Authors’ rights shall be independent, compatible and susceptible of combination with

1^o     the ownership of and other rights pertaining to the physical object in which the intellectual creation is embodied;

2^o     any industrial property rights that may exist in relation to the work;

3^o     the other intellectual property rights recognized in Якорь: #Якорь: #Якорь: #

Disclosure and Publication

4. For the purposes of the provisions of this Law, “disclosure” of a work means any expression thereof which, with the author’s consent, first makes it accessible to the public in whatever form, and “publication” means the disclosure that is effected by the making available to the public of a sufficient number of copies of the work for its nЯкорь: #

Title II Ownership, Subject Matter and Content

Chapter I Ownership

Authors and Other Beneficiaries

5.—(1) The natural person who creates any literary, artistic or scientific work shall be considered the author thereof.

(2) Nevertheless, the protection that this Law confers on the author may be enjoyed by legal entities under the circumstances expressly provided for therein.

Presumption of Authorship, Anonymous or Pseudonymous Works

6.—(1) In the absence of proof to the contrary, that person shall be presumed the author who is identified as such on the work by the inclusion of his name, signature or identification mark.

(2) Where the work is disclosed anonymously or under a pseudonym or sign, the exercise of the intellectual property rights shall accrue to the person, whether natural person or legal entity, who reveals it with the author’s consent for as long as the latter does not reveal his identity.

Works of Joint Authorship

7.—(1) The rights in a work that is the unitary result of the collaboration of two or more authors shall belong to all of them.

(2) Disclosure and alteration of the work shall require the consent of all the co-authors. In the absence of agreement, the court shall decide.

Once the work has been disclosed, none of the co-authors may without justification withhold his consent to its exploitation in the manner in which it has been disclosed.

(3) Subject to the terms of the agreement between the co-authors of the work of joint authorship, they may exploit their contribution separately insofar as the joint exploitation is not thereby prejudiced.

(4) The intellectual property rights in a work of joint authorship shall belong to all the authors in proportions determined by them. In the absence of provisions in this Law, the rules laid down in the Civil Code [Código Civil] on joint ownership shall apply to such works.

Collective Works

8. A work shall be considered a collective work where it is created on the initiative and under the direction of a person, whether natural person or legal entity, who edits it and publishes it under his name, and where it consists of the combination of contributions by various authors whose personal contributions are so integrated in the single, autonomous creation for which they have been made that it is not possible to ascribe to any one of them a separate right in the whole work so made.

In the absence of agreement to the contrary, the rights in the collective work shall vest in the person who publishes it and discloses it in his name.

Composite Works and Independent Works

9.—(1) A new work that incorporates a pre-existing work without the collaboration of the author of the latter shall be considered a composite work, subject to the rights accruing to that author and subject also to the requirement of his authorization.

(2) A work that constitutes an autonomous creation, even if published in conjunction with other works, shall be considered an independent work.

Chapter II Subject Matter

Original Works and Titles

10.—(1) The subject matter of intellectual property shall be all original literary, artistic or scientific creations expressed in any manner or medium, whether tangible or intangible, that is known at present or may be invented in the future, including the following:

(a)     books, pamphlets, printed matter, correspondence, writings, speeches and addresses, lectures, court pleadings, academic treatises and any other works of the same nature;

(b)     musical compositions with or without words;

(c)     dramatic and dramatico-musical works, choreographic and mimed works and theatrical works in general;

(d)     cinematographic works and any other audiovisual works;

(e)     sculptures and works of painting, drawing, engraving or lithography, picture stories, cartoons or comics, including drafts or sketches therefor, and other works of three-dimensional art, whether applied or not;

(f)     projects, plans, models and drawings of architectural works and works of engineering;

(g)     graphs, maps and figures relating to topography, geography and science in general;

(h)     photographic works and works expressed by a process analogous to photography;

(i)     computer programs.

(2) The title of a work shall be protected as part of the work when it is original.

Derived Works

11. The following shall also be the subject of intellectual property, without prejudice to the copyright / авторське право in the original work:

1^o     translations and adaptations;

2^o     revisions, updated editions and annotations;

3^o     compendia, summaries and extracts;

4^o     musical arrangements;

5^o     all kinds of transformation of a literary, artistic or scientific work.

Collections. Databases

12.—(1) Intellectual property shall likewise subsist, as provided in Якорь: #Якорь: #

The protection accorded to such collections under this Article shall relate solely to their structure, meaning the form of expression of the selection or arrangement of their contents, but shall not extend to those contents.

(2) For the purposes of this Law and without prejudice to the provisions of the foregoing paragraph, collections of works, data or other independent elements systematically or methodically arranged and individually accessible by electronic or other means shall be considered databases.

(3) The protection accorded to databases under this Article shall not apply to the computer programs used for the making or operation of electronically-accessible databases.

[Якорь: #Якорь: #Якорь: #

Exclusions

13. Legal or regulatory provisions and the drafts thereof, judgments of jurisdictional bodies and acts, agreements, deliberations and rulings of public bodies, and official translations of all such texts, shall not be the subject of intellectual property.

Chapter III Content

Section 1 Moral Rights

Content and Characteristics of Moral Rights

14. The author is invested with the following unrenounceable and inalienable rights:

1^o     the right to decide whether his work is to be disclosed, and if so in what form;

2^o     the right to determine whether such disclosure should be effected in his name, under a pseudonym or sign or anonymously;

3^o     the right to demand recognition of his authorship of the work;

4^o     the right to demand respect for the integrity of the work and to object to any distortion, modification or alteration of it or any act in relation to it that is liable to prejudice his legitimate interests or threaten his reputation;

5^o     the right to alter the work subject to respect for the acquired rights of third parties and the protection requirements of goods of cultural interest;

6^o     the right to withdraw the work from circulation for reasons of changed intellectual or moral convictions, after indemnification of the holders of exploitation rights for damages and prejudice.

     If the author later decides to resume exploitation of his work, he shall give preference, when offering the corresponding rights, to the previous holder thereof, and shall offer terms reasonably similar to the original terms;

7^o     the right of access to the sole or a rare copy of the work, when it is in another person’s possession, for the purpose of the exercise of the right of disclosure or any other applicable right.

     The aforesaid right shall not allow the author to demand the moving of the work, and access to it shall be had in the place and manner that cause the least inconvenience to the possessor, who shall be indemnified where appropriate for any damages and prejudice caused him.

Entitlement to Exercise Rights Mortis Causa

15.—(1) On the death of the author, the exercise of the rights specified in items 3 and 4 of the foregoing Article shall pass, without limitation in time, to the person, whether natural person or legal entity, to whom the author has expressly entrusted it by testamentary provision. In the absence of such provision, the exercise of the rights shall pass to his heirs.

(2) The same persons mentioned in the foregoing paragraph may, in the order given therein, exercise the right specified in Якорь: #Якорь: #Якорь: #Якорь: #Якорь: #Якорь: #

Alternative Entitlement to Exercise Rights Mortis Causa

16. Where there are no persons as mentioned in the foregoing Article, or the whereabouts of such persons is unknown, the State, the Autonomous Communities, local corporations and public bodies of a cultural character shall be empowered to exercise the rights provided for therein.

Section 2 Exploitation Rights

Exclusive Rights of Exploitation and Forms of Exploitation

17. The author is invested with the exclusive exercise of the rights pertaining to the exploitation of his work in whatever form and especially the rights of reproduction, distribution, communication to the public and alteration, which may not be exercised without his authorization, except where this Law so provides.

Reproduction

18. Reproduction means the incorporation of the work in a medium that enables it to be communicated and copies of all or part of it to be made.

Distribution

19.—(1) Distribution means the making available to the public of the original or of copies of the work by means of sale, rental or lending or in any other manner.

(2) Where distribution is effected by means of sale within the area of the European Union, the rights shall lapse on the first such sale, but only in relation to successive sales effected within the said area by the owner of the rights or with his consent.

(3) Rental means the making available of the originals and copies of a work with a view to use for a limited time for direct or indirect economic or commercial benefit.